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Basics |
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Processes
- Ferrous (Iron / Steel): Material Handling
Ladles
and tundishes are refractory lined vessels that carry or hold molten materials
from one step of the steel making process to the next.
Ladles
- Used to transfer
liquid iron from a torpedo car (material that just arrived from the blast furnace)
to a BOF vessel.
- Used to transport
molten steel from an EAF furnace to a ladle refining station and/or a continuous
casting operation.
Tundish
- Receives molten
refined steel from a ladle and is used as a "reservoir" of liquid steel
to feed the continuous caster.
Ladles and
tundishes are high-maintenance items for steel makers. Refractory repair / re-lining
is a constant operation. Air-Fuel or Oxy-Fuel burners are commonly used to dry
refractories and preheat the vessels (to accept the molten metal without "freezing").
Effective ladle
preheating provides for a reduced need to "superheat" the molten material
in a BOF or EAF. Tundish heating systems also are used for drying and preheating.
Plasma arc heating has been applied at numerous facilities worldwide and in at
least one U.S. steel maker.
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